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Type S thermocouples are constructed using one wire of 90% Platinum and 10% Rhodium (the positive or "+" wire) and a second wire of 100% platinum (the negative or "-" wire). Like type R, type S thermocouples are used up to 1600°C / 2912°F. In particular, type S is used as the standard of calibration for the melting point of gold (1064.43°C / 1947.98°F).

Type T (copper – constantan) thermocouples are suited for measurements in the −200 to 350°C range / -328 to 662°F. Often used as a differential measurement since only copper wire touches the probes. Since both conductors are non-magnetic, there is no Curie point and thus no abrupt change in characteristics. Type T thermocouples have a sensitivity of about 43 µV/°C.

Voltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points.

Semiconductor that allow current to flow in both directions but specialize in current flowing in reverse.


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